Muay Thai Training Exercises: The Ultimate Guide to Fitness, Strength,. Fight Preparation is. Manage a Muay Thai camp for some time, and I decided to spend as much time in. Greek, Portuguese, and Spanish. I also produced a DVD. Kickboxing is a group of stand-up combat sports based on kicking and punching, historically developed from karate mixed with boxing. Kickboxing is practiced.
Polymer Supported Scavengers Polymer scavengers are functionalized polymers that are designed to react with and bind excess reagents and by-products, facilitating their removal by simple filtration. Similar to supported scavengers, their application is very simple:. Add resin/silica to reaction.
Stir for desired time. Filter as usual to purify.or pack them into columns and flow through for fixed-bed applications. There are numerous applications – from reaction clean-up to catalysis, from catch and release purification to solvent switching, to trace transition metal removal from APIs. Polymer Types Biotage® uses two different resin types for its scavengers, 1% crosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) and highly crosslinked, macroporous polystyrene. The 1% crosslinked polystyrene is designated by PS.
MP- designates highly crosslinked, macroporous resin. Highly crosslinked macroporous resins swell significantly less in solvent and they are not dependent on swelling to be effective. Instead, reagents diffuse through the pore structure to reach reactive sites. For this reason, MP- resins can be used in confined volumes where swelling would be a problem.
They can also be used with a much wider variety of solvents. Non-Toxic, No Smells and Easier To Handle Once bound to the resin (or silica) there vapor pressure of volatile or toxic reaction components is virtually eliminated so bound resins and silica scavengers are especially good for capturing compounds such as isocyanates, or nucleophilic amines/anilines.
Drive Reactions with Excess Scavenger Adding more reagents will drive a reaction to completion, but the excess reagents will need to be separated afterwards, involving additional purification steps. With a resin bound strategy, the resin (or silica) is heterogeneous, it does ‘see’ the solution, but it is completely insoluble, so removing excess after the reaction is just a case of filtering using simple and inexpensive laboratory equipment. Re-cycle and Re-use Being easy to recover after a reaction, some supported scavengers are compliant with principles of green chemistry.
Ion-exchange mechanisms for example, catch and release purification is a great example of this. While many resins are used once, for reasons of industry preference or regulation, Biotage can support clients who need guidance on how to re-use, by providing technical guidance. Making the Impossible – Possible Resins and silicas are heterogeneous, meaning that we can lock away products and completely selectively release them later (or lock away by-products, and only let product through). Processes that are energy and labor intensive, such as solvent switching, can be achieved in a matter of seconds at room temperature and at normal atmospheric pressure.
High boiling point solvents such as DMF and DMSO can be removed from amine mixtures and replaced with more volatile solvents. Thermally and Mechanically Stable Resin scavengers work well with overhead stirring or mechanical shaking. They withstand temperatures up to approx.
Microwave chemistry heating conditions). Silica supported scavengers are mechanically stable, and may also be stirred but are more often packed into fixed bed formats for flow through applications.
Silicas can withstand 150–200 °C temperatures, so as long as the intended chemistry is compatible, the resin or silica option is an efficient delivery vehicle for the chemistry of the project. Scale-Up and Formats Additionally, Biotage has a flexible cartridge packing facility to accommodate many scale-up paths and options, from grams to multi-kg and in a variety of formats for processing. Long Shelf Life Polymer supported scavengers are stable.
By definition they only take part in the reactions they were designed for, so side-reactions and degradation is much less of an issue compared to small molecule chemistry. In real terms the shelf-life of a functionalized polymer may be indefinite, so we recommend a nominal 1 year expiry when the product is stored in cool dry conditions. Removing Ions from Peptides Q: I need to remove counter ion from peptidic molecules. Can I use PS-Trisamine to achieve this?
A: This will depend on the counter ion and peptide in question, and the state of protection/deprotection. A couple of scenarios are: 1) If the goal is to remove anions from a cationic peptide structure, then PS-Trisamine will only work in organic solvents. 2) If the solvents are aqueous or non-swelling, then MP-Trisamine may be useful. The better solution is Si-Carbonate or MP-Carbonate.
3) If the goal is remove cationic from a anionic peptide structure, then SCX-2 or MP-TsOH would be more helpful.
This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: – ( September 2018) Kickboxing Focus, Hardness Full-contact Country of origin Creator Tatsuo Yamada Famous practitioners see Parenthood, Descendant arts Kickboxing First played Japan, late 1950s Characteristics Contact Yes No Type Combat sport Presence Country or region Worldwide No (invitational) Kickboxing is a group of based on and, historically developed from mixed with. Kickboxing is practiced for, general, or as a. Japanese kickboxing originated in the late 1950s, with competitions held since then. American kickboxing originated in the 1970s and was brought to prominence in September 1974, when the Professional Karate Association held the first World Championships. Historically, kickboxing can be considered a formed from the combination of elements of various traditional styles.
This approach became increasingly popular since the 1970s, and since the 1990s, kickboxing has contributed to the emergence of via further hybridisation with techniques from. There is no single international governing body.
International governing bodies include International Combat Organisation, among others. Consequently, there is no single kickboxing, and champion titles are issued by individual, such as, and SUPERKOMBAT among others. Bouts organised under different governing bodies apply different rules, such as allowing the use of knees or clinching, etc. Kickboxing workout The term 'kickboxing' can be used in a narrow and in a broad sense. The narrow use is restricted to the styles that self-identify as kickboxing, i.e. Japanese kickboxing (with its spin-off styles or rules such as and K-1), Dutch kickboxing, and American kickboxing. In the wider sense, it includes all combat sports that allow both punching and kicking, including, and certain styles of karate (especially ).
The term kickboxing ( キックボクシング) itself was introduced in the 1960s as a by Japanese boxing promoter for a combining Muay Thai and karate which he had introduced in 1958. The term was later also adopted by the American variant. Since there has been a lot of cross-fertilization between these styles, with many practitioners training or competing under the rules of more than one style, the history of the individual styles cannot be seen in isolation from one another. The French term Boxe pieds-poings (literally 'feet-fists-boxing') is also used in the sense of 'kickboxing' in the general meaning, including French boxing as well as American, Dutch and Japanese kickboxing, Burmese and Thai boxing, any style of, etc. Arts labeled as kickboxing in the general sense include:. The family of kickboxing sports (also known generically as muay ) including:. – similar to with an emphasis on elbow techniques (Ring-wise).
Also known as Kun Khmer. Thai (Ancient boxing) – Predecessor of Muay Thai, allows the use of headbutts. Thai kickboxing or Muay Thai – the modern Thai martial art with strong emphasis on. Burmese, a traditional of which has now grown into a popular kickboxing event with strong emphasis on,. Any part of the body may be used to and be struck.
It is also known as kickboxing. Laotian – Laotian boxing which is similar to Muay Thai. Filipino – Sayaw ng Kamatayan (Dance of Death) is the proper name for Yaw-Yan, a developed by Napoleon Fernandez. The art resembles Muay Thai in a sense, but differs in the hip torquing motion as well as downward-cutting nature of its kicks and with strong emphasis on delivering attacks from long range. Indian (also known as Muki boxing) and, a form of kickboxing that uses, elbow and strikes in.
French, a historical sport which developed in the 19th century. It is mostly known for its foot-kicking techniques. modern competition-oriented that developed in parallel with Japanese and American kickboxing:.
Dutch Kickboxing — incorporate styles of Muay Thai, and style of Karate. Any style of. (Chinese Kickboxing ) – The applicable component of / of which and throws are legal in competition as well as all other sorts of striking (use of arms and legs). – A Japanese form of kickboxing which allows throwing and while standing, similar to Sanda.
History Overview Since kickboxing is a broad term, understanding the history can be somewhat difficult. Some of the earliest forms of kickboxing included the various especially, which developed into modern. However, in terms of modern competition, it was during the 1950s that a Japanese karateka named first established an outline of a new sport that combined karate and Muay Thai.
This was further explored during the early 1960s, when competitions between karate and Muay Thai began, which allowed for rule modifications to take place. By the middle of the decade the first true kickboxing events were being held in. By the 1970s and 1980s the sport had expanded beyond Japan and had reached North America and Europe. It was during this time that many of the most prominent were formed. In Japan the sport was widely popular and was regularly broadcast on before going into a dark period during the 1980s. In North America the sport had unclear rules so kickboxing and were essentially the same sport. In Europe the sport found marginal success but did not thrive until the 1990s.
Since the 1990s the sport has been mostly dominated by the Japanese K-1 promotion, with some competition coming from other promotions and mostly pre-existing governing bodies. Along with the growing popularity in competition, there has been an increased amount of participation and exposure in the,. Tatsuo Yamada (left) and his master, (right) On December 20, 1959, a Muay Thai among Thai fighters was held at town hall in Japan. Tatsuo Yamada, who established ' Nihon Kempo Karate-do', was interested in Muay Thai because he wanted to perform karate matches with full-contact rules since practitioners are not allowed to hit each other directly in karate matches. At this time, it was unimaginable to hit each other in karate matches in Japan.
He had already announced his plan which was named 'The draft principles of project of establishment of a new sport and its industrialization' in November, 1959, and he proposed the tentative name of 'karate-boxing' for this new sport. It is still unknown whether Nak Muay were invited by Yamada, but it is clear that Yamada was the only who was really interested in Muay Thai. Yamada invited a champion Nak Muay (and formerly his son Kan Yamada's sparring partner), and started studying Muay Thai. At this time, the Thai fighter was taken by who was a promoter of boxing and was also interested in Muay Thai.
The Thai fighter's photo was on the magazine 'The Primer of Nihon Kempo Karate-do, the first number' which was published by Yamada. There were 'Karate vs.
Muay Thai fights' on February 12, 1963. The three karate fighters from Oyama dojo ( later) went to the Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Thailand, and fought against three Muay Thai fighters.
The three kyokushin karate fighters' names are, Kenji Kurosaki and Akio Fujihira (also known as Noboru Osawa). The Muay Thai team were composed of only one authentic Thai fighter. Japan won by 2–1: Tadashi Nakamura and Akio Fujihira both KOed opponents by punch while Kenji Kurosaki, who fought the Thai, was KOed by elbow. The only Japanese loser Kenji Kurosaki was then a kyokushin instructor rather than a contender and temporarily designated as a substitute for the absent chosen fighter. On June of the same year, karateka and future kickboxer faced against top Thai fighter Samarn Sor Adisorn, in which Sawamura was knocked down 16 times and defeated. Sawamura would use what he learned in that fight to incorporate in the evolving kickboxing tournaments. Noguchi studied and developed a combined martial art which Noguchi named kick boxing, which absorbed and adopted more rules than techniques from Muay Thai.
The main techniques of kickboxing is still derived from Japanese full contact karate. However, throwing and were allowed in the beginning to distinguish it from Muay Thai. This was later repealed.
The Kickboxing Association, the first kickboxing sanctioning body, was founded by Osamu Noguchi in 1966 soon after that. Then the first kickboxing event was held in Osaka on April 11, 1966.
Tatsu Yamada died in 1967, but his dojo changed its name to Suginami Gym, and kept sending kickboxers off to support kickboxing. Kickboxing boomed and became popular in Japan as it began to be broadcast on. By 1970, kickboxing was telecast in Japan on three different channels three times weekly.
The fight cards regularly included bouts between Japanese (kickboxers) and Thai (Muay Thai) boxers. Was an especially popular early kickboxer. In 1971 the All Japan Kickboxing Association (AJKA) was established and it registered approximately 700 kickboxers. The first AJKA Commissioner was Shintaro Ishihara, the longtime Governor of Tokyo. Champions were in each weight division from fly to middle. Longtime Ilyushiner Noboru Osawa won the AJKA bantam weight title, which he held for years. Raymond Edler, an American university student studying at Sophia University in Tokyo, took up kickboxing and won the AJKC middleweight title in 1972; he was the first non-Thai to be officially ranked in the sport of Thai boxing, when in 1972 Rajadamnern ranked him no.
3 in the Middleweight division. Edler defended the All Japan title several times and abandoned it. Other popular champions were Toshio Fujiwara and Mitsuo Shima. Most notably, Fujiwara was the first non-Thai to win an official Thai boxing title, when he defeated his Thai opponent in 1978 at Rajadamnern Stadium winning the lightweight championship bout.
By 1980, due to poor ratings and then infrequent television coverage, the golden-age of kickboxing in Japan was suddenly finished. Kickboxing had not been seen on TV until K-1 was founded in 1993.
In 1993, as (founder of karate) produced K-1 under special kickboxing rules (no elbow and ) in 1993, kickboxing became famous again. In the mid 1980s to early 1990s, before the first k-1, Kazuyoshi Ishii also partook in the formation of glove karate as an amateur sport in Japan. Is based on knockdown karate rules, but wearing boxing gloves and allowing punches to the head. In effect it is oriental rules kickboxing with scoring based on knockdowns and aggression rather than the number of hits. As K-1 grew in popularity, Glove karate for a while became the fastest growing amateur sport in Japan. North America.
Hook-punch, Ray Scarica and held the ' earliest cross-style full-contact style martial arts tournaments as early as 1962. Between 1970 and 1973 a handful of kickboxing promotions were staged across the USA. The first recognized bout of this kind occurred on January 17, 1970, and came about when Joe Lewis, a Shorin Ryu stylist who had also studied with the legendary, and noted champion in the Karate tournament circuit, grew disillusioned with the point-sparring format and sought to create an event that would allow martial artists to fight to the knock out.
Enlisting the help of promoter Lee Faulkner, training in boxing and combining the techniques of boxing and Karate for the first time in America, Lewis arranged the bout to be held at the 1st Pro Team Karate Championships. Lewis faced Kenpo stylist Greg 'Om' Baines, who had defeated two opponents in years pasts. Lewis won the fight by knockout in the second round. The event was advertised as 'Full contact' but the announcers referred to it as Kickboxing, and rules included knees, elbows and sweeps. Lewis would defend his U.S Heavyweight champion title 10 times, remaining undefeated until he came back from his retirement.
In the early days, the rules were never clear; one of the first tournaments had no weight divisions and all the competitors fought off until one was left. During this early time, kickboxing and are essentially the same sport. The institutional separation of American full-contact karate from kickboxing occurred with the formation of the in 1974 and of the in 1976. They were the first organised body of martial arts on a global scale to sanction fights, create ranking systems, and institute a development programme. The and the have been the only organizations to have thrived in the modern era.
The was founded in 1992 by Steve Fossum and Dan Stell. Stell eventually stepped down to go back to fighting while Fossum continued with the organization. In 1999 Fossum and Joe Taylor of Ringside Products created the first amateur open North American tournament for Kickboxing and Muay Thai, now the IKF World Classic. After ending its venture with K-1 in 2006, ISKA co-operated the with, and MMA in partnership with Silicon Valley Entertainment (SVE), an investor group who also own the San Jose Sharks. Norris passed the WCL to his son-in-law Damien Diciolli in 2007, and it has since become inactive.
Strikeforce MMA was sold to UFC in 2011. The ISKA expanded into sport (tournament) martial arts about 15 years agoand is a co-operator along with WAKO and Global Marketing Ventures (GMV) in the global Open World Tour (OWT) the first worldwide pro circuit of sport karate professional competitors. It sanctions and assists in the annual US Open & ISKA World Championships that anchors the OWT and the North American-based NASKA Tour. The US Open & ISKA World Championships is broadcast live on ESPN2 and ESPN3 each year. Other kickboxing sanctioning bodies include (primarily amateurs) and KICK International. Further information: In, American-styled kickboxing was promulgated from its inception in the 1970s by, who in 1976 was co-founder of the.
The term 'kickboxing' as used in is therefore mostly synonymous with American kickboxing. The elbow and knee techniques allowed in Japanese kickboxing by contrast were associated with Muay Thai, and Japanese kickboxing went mostly unnoticed in German-speaking Europe before the launch of K-1 in 1993. By contrast, in the kickboxing was introduced in its Japanese form, by and who founded NKBB (The Dutch Kickboxing Association) in 1976.
Harinck also founded the MTBN (Dutch Muay Thai Association) in 1983, and the WMTA (World Muay Thai Association) and the EMTA (European Muay Thai Association) in 1984. The most prominent kickboxing gyms in Netherlands, and, were all derived from or were significantly influenced by Japanese kickboxing and kyokushin karate. Dutch athletes have been very successful in the K-1 competitions.
Out of the 19 championship titles issued from 1993 to 2012, 15 went to Dutch participants (, and ). The remaining four titles were won by of Croatia in 1993, of Switzerland in 1996, of New Zealand in 2001 and of Croatia in 2012.
Modern sport. Main article: Kickboxing promotions Some of the top kickboxing promotions in the world are:. Individual rulesets Kickboxing has a number of different rulesets. For example, American kickboxing and/or restricts to strikes using punches and higher kicks; whereas some other arts often regarded as 'kickboxing' allow and even, elbows, and grappling maneuvers.
All forms of kickboxing use an identical scoring system, however. A winner is declared during the bout if there is a (fighter quits or fighter's corner throws in the towel), (KO), or referee stoppage (, or TKO). If all of the rounds expire with no knockout then the fight is scored by a team of 3 judges. The judges determine a winner based on their scoring of each round. A indicates a disagreement between the judges, while a indicates that all judges saw the fight the same way and all have declared the same winner. Full contact Full contact rules, or American kickboxing, is essentially a mixture of Western boxing and traditional karate.
The male kickboxers are bare-chested wearing kickboxing trousers and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g). Boxing gloves, groin-guard, shin-pads, and kick-boots and protective helmet (for amateurs and those under 16). The female kickboxers will wear a and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear.
Main article: Muay Thai, or Thai boxing, rules usually sees bouts contested over 5, 3 minute rounds and male fighters bare-chested wearing shorts and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, shin-wraps, 10 oz (280 g). Boxing gloves, groin-guard and sometimes prajioud arm bands. The female Thaiboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear. Muay Thai is unique in that it is the only style of kickboxing that allows elbows, throws, sweeps and low kicks. Were allowed until the 1980s in international Muay Thai and are still permitted in Thailand itself (though the boxers wear cups to lessen the impact). Kicking to mid-body and head are scored highly generating a large number of points on judges' scorecards. Moreover, kicking is still judged highly even if the kick was blocked.
In contrast, punching is worth fewer points. Notable fighters under Muay Thai rules include,. Rules:. Fighters are allowed to strike their opponent with punches, kicks, including kicks below the waist, elbows., throws and sweeps are allowed.
Bouts are generally 5, 3 minute rounds with 2 minutes rest in between, but 3 round fights are used. Oriental Oriental rules, also known as Japanese kickboxing and K-1 rules, is a combat sport created by the Japanese boxing promoter and Karate practitioner. It was the first combat sport that adopted the name of 'kickboxing' in 1966, later termed 'Japanese kickboxing' as a. Oriental rules bouts were traditionally fought over 5, 3 minute rounds but 3 round bouts have since become popular since their inception in the K-1 promotion. The male kickboxers are bare-chested wearing shorts (although trousers and have been worn) and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, shin-wraps, 10 oz (280 g).
Boxing gloves and groin-guard. The female kickboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear. Notable fighters under Oriental rules include, and Rules:. Fighters are allowed to strike their opponent with punches, kicks and including kicks below the waist, except for the groin. Elbow strikes on the head are forbidden. Limited is allowed. Bouts are 3 to 5 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds., throws and sweeps were banned in 1966 for fighters' safety.
Main article: Sanshou, or Sanda, (also known as Chinese boxing) is a form of kickboxing originally developed by the based upon the study and practices of traditional and modern combat fighting techniques; it combines traditional kickboxing, which include close range and rapid successive and, with, throws, sweeps, kick catches, and in some competitions, even elbow and strikes. The male fighters are bare-chested wearing shorts and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) boxing gloves and groin-guard. The female kickboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear. Notable fighters under Sanshou rules include,. Rules:. Fighters are allowed to strike their opponent with punches and kicks including kicks below the waist, except for the groin. Elbows and are forbidden (with the exception of some competitions)., throws and sweeps are allowed.
Bouts are 5 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds. Shoot boxing. Main article: Shoot boxing is a unique style of kickboxing popular in Japan that utilizes such as, and in addition to kicks, punches,. The male fighters are bare-chested wearing skin tight trousers and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g).
Boxing gloves and groin-guard. The female kickboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear. Notable fighters under shoot boxing rules include,. Rules:. Opponents are allowed to strike each other with punches, including kicks below the waist, except for the groin,. Elbows are forbidden., and sweeps are allowed. Standing are allowed.
Bouts are 3 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds. Techniques Punching Punching techniques are very much identical to, including. – straight punch from the front hand, to either the head or the body, often used in conjunction with the cross. – straight punch from the back hand. – rounded punch to either the head or body in an arching motion, usually not scored in points scoring. – rising punch striking to the chin. usually striking to the chin.
usually from the front hand, reverse-back fist and spinning back-fist both usually from the back hand – are strikes to the head, raising the arm and bending the arm at the elbow and then straightening the arm quickly to strike to the side of the head with the rear of the knuckles. struck usually from the rear hand, the combatant hops on the front foot, kicking back with the rear foot and simultaneously extending the rear hand as a punch, in the form of 'superman' flying through the sky. a cross-counter is a begun immediately after an opponent throws a jab, exploiting the opening in the opponent's position. ( overcut or drop) – a semi-circular and vertical punch thrown with the rear hand.
It is usually when the opponent. The strategic utility of the drop relying on body weight can deliver a great deal of power. – a combination of a wide /right cross/ that was delivered seemingly from the floor. Half-hook – a combination of a wide /hook or /hook. Half-swing – a combination of a wide hook/ Kicking. Roundhouse kick The standard kicking techniques are:. or push Kick/high Kick – Striking face or chest on with the balls of the foot.
– Striking with the heel of the foot with leg parallel to the ground, can be performed to either the head, leg or body. or forty five degree roundhouse kick. or circle kick – Striking with the front of the foot or the shin to the head or the body in a chopping motion. There are a large number of special or variant kicking techniques, including spinning kicks, jumping kicks, and other variants such as. (heel kick) – Extending the leg out to the side of the body, and hooking the leg back to strike the head with either the heel or sole.
and forward crescent kick. – is a stomp out kick or axe kick. The stomp kick normally travel downward, striking with the side or base heel. – is delivered with the base heel of the foot. Sweeping – One foot or both feet of an opponent may be swept depending upon their position, balance and strength. Spinning versions of the back, side, hook and axe kicks can also be performed along with jumping versions of all kicks Knee and elbow strikes The knee and elbow techniques in Japanese kickboxing, indicative of its Muay Thai heritage, are the main difference that separates this style from other kickboxing rules. See and for details.
Straight knee (long-range knee kick or front heel kick). This knee strike is delivered with the back or reverse foot against an opponent's stomach, groin, hip or spine an opponent forward by the neck, shoulder or arm. Flying knee – can be delivered with the front or back foot. It makes an explosive snap upwards to strike an opponent's face, chin, throat or chest. Hook knee – can be delivered with the front or back foot. It makes a half circle spin and strikes the sides of an opponent.
Side knee – is a highly-deceptive knee technique used in close-range fighting. The knee is lifted to the toes or lifted up, and is snapped to left and right, striking an opponent's sensitive knee joints, insides of thighs, groin. Side elbow - most commonly used elbow, commonly seen in Thai boxing fights.
Upward elbow - used in the clinch to strike the opponent’s nose, chin or both. Downward elbow - used as a replacement to an overhand striking down from just under the forehead to the chin Defense There are three main defensive positions (guards or styles) used in kickboxing. Within each style, there is considerable variation among fighters, as some fighters may have their guard higher for more head protection while others have their guard lower to provide better protection against body punches.
Many fighters vary their defensive style throughout a bout in order to adapt to the situation of the moment, choosing the position best suited to protect them. Slip – rotates the body slightly so that an incoming punch passes harmlessly next to the head. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer sharply rotates the hips and shoulders.
This turns the chin sideways and allows the punch to 'slip' past. Muhammad Ali was famous for extremely fast and close slips. – moves the head laterally and beneath an incoming punch. As the opponent's punch arrives, the kickboxer bends the legs quickly and simultaneously shifts the body either slightly right or left. Once the punch has been evaded, the kickboxer 'weaves' back to an upright position, emerging on either the outside or inside of the opponent's still-extended arm. To move outside the opponent's extended arm is called 'bobbing to the outside'. To move inside the opponent's extended arm is called 'bobbing to the inside'.
Parry/Block – or uses the kickboxer's hands as defensive tools to deflect incoming attacks. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer delivers a sharp, lateral, open-handed blow to the opponent's wrist or forearm, redirecting the punch.
The cover-up – up is the last opportunity to avoid an incoming strike to an unprotected face or body. Generally speaking, the hands are held high to protect the head and chin and the forearms are tucked against the torso to impede body shots.
When protecting the body, the kickboxer rotates the hips and lets incoming punches 'roll' off the guard. To protect the head, the kickboxer presses both fists against the front of the face with the forearms parallel and facing outwards. This type of guard is weak against attacks from below. The – is a form of standing and occurs when the distance between both fighters has closed and straight punches cannot be employed.
In this situation, the kickboxer attempts to or 'tie up' the opponent's hands or enter position. In one way to perform a clinch, the kickboxer loops both hands around the outside of the opponent's shoulders, scooping back under the forearms to grasp the opponent's arms tightly against his own body. In this position, the opponent's arms are pinned and cannot be used to attack. Other forms of clinch involves getting control of opponents neck by or upper body by,. It is often in the clinch where knee, elbow, sweep and throw techniques are used. See also.
References.